Confused About Voltage, Wattage, and Btus?

When performing home upgrades or buying newvolt variety as discussed above. These 240 volt
appliances such as heaters, volts, watts, and BTUsoutlets can also be found in garages, building sites, and
should be factors to consider. Some of you may haveother industrial areas, and this is done to provide the
noticed that the outlet used to plug in your desk lampsafer, 120 volt power to outlets that need to supply
may not be the same as the outlet behind yourless than 2.4 kilowatts (as opposed to appliances like
refrigerator, and without understanding volts, watts, andclothes dryers, which can pull 4 kilowatts).
BTUs, you could be stuck with a heater that doesn'tWhile a 240 volt garage heater is significantly more
produce enough heat to warm your area, or worseefficient and powerful than a 120 volt space heater,
yet, you may find yourself with a heater that won't fitthis may not be necessary for your home. Though
in your standard two-pronged outlet.most space heaters are 120 volts, some wall heaters
Voltagedesigned for home use are rated at 240 volts and are
Voltage is measured as the root mean squared valuejust as powerful as garage heaters.
between two slots or holes in an electric outlet of theWatts
sort typically mounted in a wall. The purpose of anA watt is an SI (metric) unit of power equal to one
electrical outlet is to provide an area for you to plug injoule of energy per second. In terms of wattage,
various electrical appliances in order to supply themalmost all 120 volt space heaters are rated up to 1500
with power. Most standard power outlets in the Unitedwatts at the maximum setting, and there is a 10/1 ratio
States are of the 120 volt variety, which have spotsof watts to square feet heated. Therefore, a 1500
for two plugs, and are rated for 15 amps. Therefore,watt space heater (120 volts) will be able to heat an
for these standard type outlets (used for appliancesarea of 150 square feet, and a garage heater rated at
such as space heaters), you will be able to use any of5,000 watts should be able to comfortably heat an
the standard 120 volt heaters. However, it is veryarea over 400 square feet.
important to keep in mind that these ratings cannot beBtus
exceeded, as the outlet could be damaged or a fireIn terms of Btus, or British Thermal Units, this is also a
could be started. In addition, if your outlet is only ratedunit of energy that is used globally in heating and air
for 15 amps, you cannot have a 14 amp heater andconditioning industries, but is not commonly used
other appliances running at the same time on thescientifically. Nonetheless, in North America, the term
same circuit, or it will trip the breaker.Btu describes the energy value of fuels, and is also
With that in mind, larger appliances, such as garageused to describe the power of heating and cooling
heaters, are powered through 240 volt plugs, andsystems such as heaters. When used as unit of
cannot be powered through standard plugs. If theypower, Btus per hour is the commonly used term, and
were fed by a 120 volt supply, they would need morerefers to the amount of heat required to raise the
than 20 amps of current running through the wires. Intemperature of one pound of water by one degree
other words, the voltage from one hot wire to theFahrenheit. To convert watts to Btus and vice versa,
other (called line to line voltage) is 240 volts, and thehere are the conversion ratios:
voltage from either wire to the neutral center-tap1 watt = approximately 3.
(called line to neutral voltage) is half that, or of the 120