Glacier National Park - A Crown Jewel of Montana

The most visited place in Montana, Glacier NationalCanada's adjoining Waterton Lakes National Park the
Park is a crown jewel in America's National ParkWaterton-Glacier International Peace Park. The
System. The park derived its name from the morere-naming of the parks also honored the character of
than 50 perennial ice fields within its 1600 square milesthis massive wilderness and the cooperation and
of pristine wilderness that spans the Continental Divide.shared stewardship required to protect and maintain
The park has over 200 alpine lakes, 700 miles ofthe park system.
maintained hiking trails and almost 1000 miles of creeks,Prior to the white man's invasion of the American
rivers and waterfalls.West, the Kootenai, Salish and Blackfeet Indian Tribes
Mystical, primal forests, rugged majestic mountains andlived and hunted in this majestic wilderness. The entire
wildflower blanketed alpine meadows are all part ofregion holds great spiritual significance for Native
one of the largest, bio-diverse and intact ecosystemsAmericans who held its secrets sacred.
to be found in the lower 48 states. In 1979, the UnitedWhen their freedom was shackled and the tribes
Nations designated Waterton - Glacier Internationalwere forced onto reservations, the Kootenai and
Peace Park as the world's first International BiosphereSalish were relocated southwest of Glacier. The
Reserve. Further honors were bestowed upon theBlackfeet Reservation adjoins the east side of the
park in 1995 when UNESCO honored the park'spark. On Chief Mountain at the northwest boundary of
international significance by designating it a Worldthe park, Plains Indian Tribes continue to hold prayer
Heritage Site.ceremonies and vision quests.
For over 20,000 years glaciers have crafted andIn 1806, the Lewis and Clark Expedition journeyed
carved this majestic landscape. A glacier is a slowlywithin 80 miles of the area that is now Glacier Park. In
moving mass of snow and ice formed when more1815, a fur trapper for the Hudson Bay Company of
snow falls each winter than melts in the followingCanada, Hugh Monroe, (called "Rising Wolf' by the
summer. The heavy snowfall accumulates and theBlackfeet Indians), was the first white man to enter the
weight creates pressure and forms the lower layersarea. Soon other trappers followed in search of the
into solid ice. The bottom layer is flexible, allowing thebeaver pelts so much in demand in Europe.
glacier to progress. As glaciers move they pick upFueled by the discovery of gold, settlement of the
boulders, rocks and gravel which sculpts and scrapeswest was expanding. When the Great Northern
the land it travels across. Over thousands of years,Railroad completed construction of the railway over
glacial movement forged the magnificent sharpMarias Pass in 1891, homesteaders settled into the lush
mountain peaks, deep valleys and lakes that make upvalleys and small towns sprang up.
the extraordinary landscape of the park.The United States government, under extreme
The dense forests of this vast pristine ecosystem arepressure from settlers and miners, acquired the
inhabited by more than 70 species of mammalsmountains east of the Continental Divide from the
including grizzly bears, wolves, cougars, big horn sheep,Blackfeet Tribe in 1895. The treasure hunter's dreams
mountain goats, elk, deer, moose, beavers andwere dashed when they failed to find a bonanza.
wolverine. More than 260 species of birds ride theAlthough some gold and copper was found, the mining
winds.boom only lasted a few brief years. Abandoned mine
Exquisite wildflowers flourish in alpine meadows andshafts and tailing piles are still found in several locations
prairie grasslands; over 1400 species of wildflowerswithin the park.
bloom in the park. 28 of these are varieties that areBy the turn of the century, the public started to view
found nowhere else but within Glacier National Park.and value the land for its incredible, breathtaking
Icy, sparkling clear, clean water; in Glacier Park there isbeauty. Rather than just judging the land for its
water everywhere. Water covers over 2000 acres ofpotential for financial exploitation, many factions moved
the park. Glorious chains of waterfalls, hundreds ofto preserve the fragile ecosystem.
lakes and over 550 creeks and rivers. Sacred DancingMany people, such as George Bird Grinnell, an early
Cascades is a series of waterfalls that are favoritesexplorer of Montana, lobbied for the creation of a
of all who visit.national park. The area became a Forest Preserve in
Many people consider the Going-To-The-Sun Road, a1900, but remained open to homesteading and mining.
spectacular 52 mile stretch of tarmac that dividesGrinnell and other dedicated conservationists petitioned
north and south Glacier National Park, to be one of thefor the added protection a national park would offer. In
most scenic roadways in America. Traversing the1910, George Grinnell was delighted when all the hard
park from east to west, the "Sun Road" is consideredwork paid off. President Taft signed legislation making
an engineering miracle. The construction of thisGlacier the nation's 10th National Park.
incredible roadway took over 11 years and tens ofLike glaciers all over the world, the glaciers of Glacier
thousands of man hours to complete. The finalNational Park are melting. Inch by inch, warming
segment of the Going-To-The-Sun Road, over Logantemperatures are consuming the ice masses. The
Pass, was finished in 1932 and today is a Nationalchange is not dramatic unless you compare today's
Historic Landmark. The road allowed visitors by car toglaciers with those of 50 years ago. There are almost
access the park and enjoy areas that previously had100 less glaciers today than there were five decades
taken several days of horseback riding to reach.ago. Scientists predict that if global warming is not
Glacier National Park is actually half of the world's firstcurtailed, there may not be a single glacier left by 2030.
International Park. In 1932, to honor the friendly relationsIf you haven't seen Glacier Park go soon and take the
and neighborly bond between the two countries, thegrandchildren, the glaciers of the park may soon be
United States and Canada named Glacier andonly a memory.