| Recently, climate change has been raised as a global | | | | It can also be associated to the timing (i.e., principal |
| issue that covers all regions of the world. It followed | | | | season of event, delays in the begin from the rainy |
| with various human implements to assess mitigate its | | | | season, event of rains in relation to principal crop |
| impact about the whole globe, with particular concerns | | | | growth stages) and the effectiveness (i.e., rainfall |
| to sensitive areas. | | | | intensity, quantity of rainfall events) from the rains. |
| However, a number of explanations and scenarios | | | | Other climatic elements this kind of as high |
| have been created using different approaches of | | | | temperature, wind, and low relative humidity are |
| analysis to evaluate the status-quo of climatic trends in | | | | frequently connected with it in numerous regions of the |
| space and time.The Mediterranean region, as a typical | | | | world and can significantly aggravate its severity. |
| example, is witnessing the effect of change in climatic | | | | Numerous classifications have been done to diagnose |
| components, that is mainly reflected by the decline in | | | | drought kinds. Namely, hydrological, meteorological, |
| its water resources. | | | | agricultural and socioeconomic are one of the most |
| In the Mediterranean area, rapid population | | | | often utilized kinds. |
| development and industrialization are imposing rapidly | | | | Nevertheless, all these kinds are water-related and |
| growing demands and pressures on the drinking water | | | | attributed, in a broad sense, to climate alter as an |
| sources, therefore the demand in the 20th century has | | | | preliminary process. Additionally, human influence |
| elevated by 60 % in the last 25 years. Also, in a short | | | | includes a minor role within the procedure of climate |
| period of a single generation, inside a country right after | | | | change. This can be viewed from the impact of |
| the other, the picture has changed from a single of | | | | negative human actions, this kind of as industries, |
| relative abundance to one relative sacristy (Hamdy | | | | forestation, smoke impact, etc. |
| and Lacirignola, 2005). | | | | Viewing it from a Meso (national) scale, drinking water |
| Therefore, an obvious water shortage is basically | | | | assets in some countries this kind of as Lebanon have |
| resulted over time and thus refereed as a "Drought" | | | | a lot more these days than they are capable to |
| phenomenon. It's a creeping phenomenon of natural | | | | manage via deficiencies existed. Other states such as |
| hazard, drought makes it hard to determine its onset | | | | Jordan and Palestine presently are consuming about 15 |
| and end. Likewise for desertification, drought should not | | | | % a lot more drinking water than is annually renewable. |
| be viewed as merely a physical phenomenon; | | | | Lebanon, as a Mediterranean country is witnessing a |
| however, it may be the result of interplay in between a | | | | drought condition, that is certainly observed from the |
| natural event and the demand placed on drinking | | | | alter in its climate events and trends that followed by |
| water supply by human-use techniques. | | | | decrease within the amount of water from various |
| It has turn out to be a common feature of long-term | | | | sources. This, in combination using the rapid improve in |
| organic hazards in numerous regions of the world. It's | | | | population size, outcomes inside a shortage in drinking |
| negatively reflected on substantial economic, | | | | water availability per capita. |
| environmental, and social aspects. Thus, it is among | | | | Therefore, obtained scenarios showed that human |
| one of the most complex and least understood of all | | | | quota of renewable fresh water in Lebanon will be |
| organic hazards. Usually, climatic variability expresses | | | | declined from 1900 m3/year to 1100 m3/year in |
| the initial stage of drought, thus originates two major | | | | between 1990 and 2025 (UN, 1994). This study aims to |
| meteorological elements: | | | | quantify the hydrologic drought that conditioning |
| 1. Precipitation deficiency over an extended time frame | | | | Lebanon. |
| including volume, intensity and timing | | | | As well as to evaluate its trend in space and time, |
| 2. Increase in temperature, wind velocity and sunshine, | | | | certainly for that last few decades when data began |
| and decrease in relative humidity and cloud cover | | | | available and human interference took place. For this |
| Drought ought to be regarded relative to some | | | | purpose, a number of tools of analysis had been |
| long-term average condition of drinking water | | | | utilized in this research. Mainly, meteorological and |
| productivity and balance between precipitation and | | | | hydrological records too as remotely sensed |
| evapotranspiration, in a particular region. | | | | information. |