The Basics of Reading Elevation Data

It is relatively easy to read elevation data, as long asequal elevation to each other. They are essential to
you become familiar with a few of the key terms andunderstanding elevation data. They show bands of
rules. When looking at elevation on a topographic map,elevation, as well as spot elevation on a map.
it can be quite confusing. With all the various- Hachures: Hachures are marks pointing downwards
professionals using elevation data in their vocations, itand are found on contour lines. These marks indicate a
has been made much more comprehensive. To givedepression in elevation. These depressions can be the
you an idea of how important gathering andresult of erosion, meteor craters, or just naturally
understanding elevation data is, here is a list of a fewoccurring dips in elevation.
uses.Finally, here are a few important rules to remember
- Highway constructionwhen dealing with an elevation map.
- Education for grade school children- The first rule is sometimes called the rule of V’s.
- Risk assessment for environmental hazards (floods,They are usually found in stream valleys, with drainage
wildfires, mudslides, earthquakes)channels passing through the point where the hachure
- Water supply, treatment, and drainage routesis located.
- Planning Marathons and Triathlons- Another is often referred to as the rule of O’s.
Here are a few key terms to be familiar with in orderThe O’s are closed loops that have higher
to understand what you are seeing when you look atelevations on the inside and head downhill on the
a topographical map.outside. If the closed loops are craters or depressions,
- Elevation: In terms of land, this refers to the distancethey are indicated by hachures.
in relation to sea level. Where the ocean meets dry- The third is the spacing of contours. If the contour
land is sea level; it is normally measured in feet.lines are close together, this indicates a steep hill, and if
- Contour lines: These invisible lines connect points ofthey are far apart, it indicates a gentle slope.